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SECTION I. GRAMMAR
Unit 14. CONDITIONALS (УМОВНІ РЕЧЕННЯ)
Вживання Use |
Підрядна частина речення з if Ifclause |
Головна частина складного речення Mainclause |
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Нульовий тип умовних речень Zero Conditional |
Описує правила, ситуації, коли одна дія завжди іде після іншої |
If + Present tense, |
Present tense |
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If you speak foreign foreign language, you have belter job. — Якщо ти володієш іноземною мовою, ти маєш кращу роботу |
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Перший тип умовних речень First Conditional |
Розповідає про можливі майбутні події, які залежать від інших майбутніх подій |
If + Present tense, |
+ will / won't + verb |
If + Present tense, |
+ can / can 't / could / couldn't |
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If our competitors find out about our new product, they will want to copy it. — Якщо наші супротивники дізнаються про наш новий виріб, то вони його зкопіюють. If management doesn’t give us the budget we need, we could have problems. — Якщо управління не надасть нам потрібне фінансування, у нас виникнуть проблеми. |
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Порада, наказ, пропозицію, прохання |
If + Present tense, |
imperative |
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If I'm not in the office, please leave message. — Якщо мене немає у офісі, залиште повідомлення |
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Другий тип умовних речень Second Conditional |
Розповідає про уявну, неможливу або нетипову подію у майбутньому; розповідає про неможливу подію у теперішньому часі |
If + Past tense, |
would / could / might + verb |
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If the price was lower. I would buy the blue car. — Якщо ціна була б нижча я б ку пив синю машину |
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Третій тип умовних речень Third Conditional |
Розповідає про нереальні ситуації у минулому та про уявні речі, які не відбулися |
If + had + Participle II, |
would / could / might have + Participle II |
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If I had known about the problem. I would have done something. — Якщо б я знав про цю проблему, я б зробив що-небудь |
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Умовні речення з wish (хотіти) / if (якщо)
Бажання / жалкування про теперішнє Wish / regret about present |
Форма Form |
Використання Use |
I wish / if only |
+ Past tense |
Wish / regret about a present situation (we want to be different) |
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I wish I had an umbrella. — Я б хотів, щоб у мене була парасолька. |
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I wish / if only |
+ could + bare infinitive |
Wish / regret about a present concerning, lack of ability |
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I wish I could fly. — Я б хотів, щоб я міг літати |
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Жалкування про минуле Regret about the past |
Форма Form |
Використання Use |
I wish / if only |
+ Past Perfect |
Regret that something happened or did not happen in the past |
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I wish I had known Ann that Ann was ill. (I didn’t know that.) — Якби я знав, що Аня хворіла (Але я цього не знав.) |
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Неможливе бажання для виконання у майбутньому Impossible wish fora future change |
Форма Form |
Використання Use |
I wish / if only |
+ subject + would + bare infinitive |
Wish for a future change unlikely to happen or wish to express dissatisfaction or lack of hope |
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I wish it would stop raining. — Я б хотів, що б дощ припинився |
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- Transform the following.
Model: If Peter works hard, he will pass his examination. — If Peter worked hard, he would pass his examination.
1 If the water is warm, we shall bathe in the river.
2 If there is much snow in January, they will go skiing every day.
3 If the rain stops, the girls will go for a walk.
4 If hi is not very busy, he will help you.
5 If she comes tomorrow, she will join us.
- Make the following sentences refer to the past.
Model: If he left at ten, he would catch the train. — If he had left at ten, he would have caught the train.
1 If she were attentive, she wouldn't make so many mistakes.
2 The boy would post your letter if you gave it to him.
3 If I knew the number of his telephone, I should ring him up.
4 If I received any news, I should let you know.
5 She would buy that dress if she had money with her.
- Paraphrase the sentences as in the models.
Models: I have no dictionary, so I can’t translate the text. — If I had a dictionary, I could translate the text.
I can’t get a dictionary, so I won’t translate the text. — If I could get a dictionary, I would translate the text.
- 1 I didn’t know your address, so 1 couldn’t send you a letter.
2 Mary is ill, so she can’t finish this work today.
3 My friend does not know English, so he can’t read this book in the original.
4 I didn’t see him yesterday, so I couldn’t tell him about it.
- 1. We can’t get tickets, so we shan’t go to the circus. 2. She can’t read English, so she doesn’t subscribe to News from Ukraine. 3. I couldn’t see them, so I didn’t tell them about today’s meeting. 4. I couldn’t go to the cinema, so I didn’t see the film. 5. He can’t sing, so he doesn’t lake part in the concert.
- Complete the following sentences.
A 1 If I were you...
2 If I had money about me...
3 If my father were an engineer...
4 If I were a doctor...
5 If the weather were fine today...
6 If it were dark in the room...
7 If we had spare time...
8 If I knew' Spanish...
9 If it had been cold yesterday...
10 If I hadn’t seen this film...
В. 1 Her father would buy a piano for her if...
2 The book would have been published last year if...
3 They wouldn’t have gone there if...
4 I would join you if...
5 My friend would buy this dress...
6 She would have answered your letter if...
7 The pupils wouldn’t have made so many mistakes if...
8 I should have missed the train if...
Виконайте тест
Під час роботи над тестом не можна користуватися будь-якими підручниками, посібниками, словниками тощо.
TEST
Choose А, В, С or D to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.
1 If you _________ the beginning of the film, you would have enjoyed it better.
A didn’t miss
В weren’t missing
C hadn’t missed
D hadn’t been missing
2 I wish he _________ to post the letter yesterday.
A doesn’t forget
В didn’t forget
C hasn’t forgotten
D hadn’t forgotten
3 If only Susan _________ that I love her!
A has believed
В was believed
C believes
D believed
4 If you didn’t believe rumours you _________ much happier.
A were
В would be
C will be
D would have been
5 I _________ my mind if you had told me about everything honestly.
A won’t change
В won’t have changed
C wouldn’t change
D wouldn’t have changed
6 If the expedition _________ with everything necessary, it would have failed.
A didn’t provide
В wasn’t provided
C hadn’t been provided
D wouldn’t be provided
7 My brother wouldn’t have joined the army if he _________ the university.
A entered
В were entering
C had entered
D had been entering
8 Stan wishes he _________ to the USA soon.
A will go
В goes
C would go
D would have gone
9 If only you _________ with us here now.
A stay
В are staying
C stayed
D were staying
10 You wouldn’t have crashed the car if you _________ the rules.
A followed
В was following
C had followed
D would have followed
11 The mother wishes she _________ her son’s secrets.
A knew
В were known
C knows
D know
12 If I were as clever as Francis I _________ a millionaire already.
A will be
В were
C would be
D would have been
Перша публікація: 01/01/2008
Останнє оновлення: 30/12/2023
Редакційна та навчальна адаптація: Даний матеріал зведено на основі першоджерела/оригінального тексту. Команда проєкту здійснила редакційне оглядове опрацювання, виправлення технічних неточностей, структурування розділів та адаптацію змісту до навчального формату.
Що було опрацьовано:
- усунення форматних дефектів (OCR-помилки, розриви структури, дефектні символи);
- редакційне упорядкування змісту;
- уніфікація термінів відповідно до академічних джерел;
- перевірка відповідності фактичних тверджень тексту першоджерела.
Усі згадки про автора, рік видання та походження первинного тексту збережено відповідно до джерела.