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SECTION II. READING AND VOCABULARY

Unit 11. SPORTS AND GAMES

1. Divide the following words into categories.

Athletics, sportsman, racket, baseball, athlete, club, bowling, course, swimmer, cycling, javelin, referee, parallel bars.

People  Equipment Sports and games

2. Fill in the missing letter.

At...letics, cano...ing, c...cling, g...mnastics, javel...n, ra...ket, synchroni...ed swimming, tr...ck and field athletics. —

3. Circle odd word out.

1 sportsman, athlete, referee, podium.

2 skiing, parallel bars, javelin, club.

3 bowling, volleyball, table tennis, gymnastics.

4 synchronized swimming, snow-boarding, scuba diving, skin diving.

4. Choose the correct item.

1 He went to play at the golf ___.

A track

В court

C course

2 She goes to the pool to swim ___.

A rounds

В courses

C laps

3 The Olympics are ___ every four years.

A held

В made

C taken

4 She lost the match because a string broke in her ___.

A club

В racket

C stick

5 Some athletes are ___ because of drug testing.

A lost

В disqualified

C reserved

6 Soccer is played on a ___.

A course

В track

C field

7 If you don’t warm up properly, you could ___ a muscle.

A push

В hit

C pull

8 The race was very close. He won ___ 1/300th of a second.

A by

Bat

C in

9 The soccer player kicked the ball into the ___.

A wicket

В basket

C net

10 He ___ the winning basket in the last few seconds of the game.

A won

В scored

C beat

5. For Questions 1—7, read the text below, Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space.

6. Choose the correct item.

1 If the two teams _____, there will have to be a re-match.

A equal

В draw

C match

D even

2 Don’t forget to _____ plenty of exercise if you want to stay fit.

A play

В go

C make

D take

3 І _____ jogging to get fit.

A took up

В took on

C took in

D took over

4 If we _____ the game, we’ll be out of the competition.

A fail

В lose

C withdraw

D defeat

5 Nobody could have predicted that France would _____ both the 1998 World Cup and the 2000

European Cup.

A succeed В win

C beat

D gain

6 The players will have to _____ hard over the next few weeks in order to win.

A study

В train

C learn

D rehearse

7 Which team are you going to _____ in the Cup Final?

A support

В encourage

C promote

D accept

8 We _____ the other team 4:2

A won

В conquered

C beat

D succeeded

9 When I was young, I wanted to _____ football for England.

A play

В take

C do

D make

10 Our team was _____ by two goals to one.

A lost

В destroyed

C won

D defeated

11 If you want to get fit, you should _____ swimming.

A play

В do

C make

D go

7. Read the text and do the tasks.

A. Football, also called soccer, is probably the world’s most popular team sport. It is played by over 150 million men and women of all ages in more than 200 countries.

HISTORY

Although nobody really knows when people started to play foot-ball, historians think that some form of the game was played in ancient cultures like China, Egypt or Rome.

Modern football, however, started in England. At the end of the 17th century it was played by young people from rich families and between school teams. In 1863 the Football Association was founded in England and the first set of rules were made. By the end of the 19th century the game had spread throughout the rest of the world.

In 1904 the International Association of Football (FIFA) was formed. It has become the world’s most important football or-ganization. Today, all countries have national leagues in which teams play against each other for the national title. In Europe, the best teams compete in a tournament called the Champions League.

THE FIELD

Football is played on a rectangular field that is about 90 to 120 me-tres long and 45 to 90 metres wide. A goal (7.3 metres wide and 2.4 metres high) is at the end of the field. The lines at the sides of the field are called touchlines, those at the end of the field are called goal lines.

The penalty area is about 40 me-tres wide and extends 16 metres in front of the goal.

Football is played with a round leather ball that weighs about 450 grams.

PLAYERS

A football team consists of 10 field players and a goalkeeper. He is the only one who can touch the ball with his hands. It is his job to keep the ball from getting into his goal.

Defenders play in front of the goalkeeper. They must stop the other team from scoring a goal. Midfield players do most of the running and try' to move the ball between defenders and for-wards. They play near the other team’s goal and try to score for their team.

RULES

A football match has two halves of 45 minutes each. A referee and two lines-men supervise the game. Each team must try to score as many goals as possible. If both teams score the same number of goals, it is called a draw or a tie. A player can use any part of his body except the hands and arms. He must try to move the ball into the opponent’s half by kicking, dribbling or bypassing the ball to one of his team mates.

A player who is fouled or hurt by an opponent is given a free kick. If a foul happens inside the penalty box the attacking team gets a penalty kick. Only the goalkeeper is allowed to block the ball and in most cases a penalty kick is a goal.

If a player fouls an opponent seri-ously the referee warns him with a yellow card, sometimes even a red card, which means he has to leave the field.

Coaches can substitute players who are hurt or those who play badly. In most matches three substitutions are allowed. Once a player leaves the field he cannot come back into the game any more.

WORLD CUP

The biggest event in the world of football is the World Cup. Every four years national teams gather their best players and compete for the top prize. The first World Cup took place in Uru-guay in 1930.

Almost all countries in the world take part in regional matches that start two years before the final tournament. In the end 32 teams from all continents qualify for the World Cup finals . The tournament takes place in a different country every four years. The 2006 World Cup was held in Germany.

The first World Cup tournament for women was held in 1991.

B. Answer the following questions.

Why is football the most popular sport in the world?

Where and when did modem football start?

Who made the first set of rules?

What is the Champions League and the World Cup?

Describe the field on which football is played.

What do these players do:

defenders

midfield players

forwards

Who supervises the game and who helps him?

With which parts of your body can you move the ball?

Why is the penalty' area important?

What happens when a player hurts an opponent seriously?

How many players can a coach substitute in a football game?

What is a national team?

When did the first World Cup take place?

What are the World Cup finals and how often do they take place?

Which is the most successful World Cup country?

8. Read the text and do the tasks.

The Summer Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, China from August 8 to August 24. Competitors from around the world will compete for the gold, silver or bronze medals. For some athletes, winning is not a real possibility. However, they will strive to set personal and / or national bests in their events. Of course, many world records will also be broken during these games. The intensely competitive nature of the games, the strong national pride involved and the challenge in facing the best athletes from around the world combine to demand the top performances from each individual.

In a world where soccer (football), basketball, golf and tennis dominate television broadcasts, the Summer Olympic Games provide a chance to observe sports not usually covered. When was the last time you watched water polo, or fencing? Chances are you watched them during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games in Greece. In this age when many people are fortunate enough to have cable TV connections, spectators can watch a wide variety of athletic competitions.

Athletics and wrestling arc probably the oldest sports in the Olympic Games. The tradition of these sports goes back to the original games held in ancient Greece over 2500 years ago. Some of my favorite events include the javelin throw, the high jump and the pole vault, as well as the hurdles. There will also be a wide variety of water sports that include canoeing, sailing and diving. Naturally, swimming is probably the most popular water sport with a wide variety of competitive events including backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, freestyle and more.

The summer games also include a number of events that have recently been introduced to the games. Kayaking and mountain biking, baseball and beach volleyball are just a few. I certainly haven't mentioned all the sports — who would want to miss gymnastics — but you get the idea. Turn on your TV, relax and enjoy a moment of peace and togetherness in this struggling world of ours. The Summer Olympic Games provides an example that we all should follow: competition with respect.

1 Will all competitors take home medals?

A Yes

В No

2 What goal do many competitors have who probably won’t win medals?

A Win a advertising contract

В Set their personal or national best

C No goals

3 Which is NOT mentioned as a motivation for top performance?

A National pride

В Financial gain

C Intensely competitive nature of the games

4 Which type of sport generally doesn’t dominate broadcasts?

A Fencing

В Soccer

C Basketball

5 According to the author, when was the last time you probably watched water polo?

A Last summer

В During the 2004 Summer Olympic Games

C Never

6 Which reason does the author give for the wide variety of viewing opportunities?

A The newspaper

В National pride

C Cable TV

7 Which sport is not listed as one of the oldest Olympic events?

A Wrestling

В Kayaking

C Athletics

8 Flow old are the Olympic games?

A About 100 years old

В More than 2500 years old

C Less than 1000 years old

9 Which is not a swimming event?

A backstroke

В butterfly

C javelin

10 Which example do the Olympic Games set?

A Win at all costs

В National pride above everything

C Competition with respect

9. Choose the correct item.

1 Nancy Kerrigan is a professional ice skater. She ____ since she was a child.

A has skated

В is skating

2 Nancy ____ many awards for her skating. In fact, she won an Olympic medal.

A has won

В has been winning

3 Suriya Bonaly is also an Olympic ice skater. She’s from France, but she ____ in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts in the United States.

A has also lived

В has also been living

4 Robin Cousins, a former ice skater and current commentator said this about new skater Mikkeline Kierkgaard, «She is one to watch for the future. She ____ everyone with the quality of her skating.»

A has surprised

В has been surprising

5 In addition to ice skating, Mikkeline Kierkgaard ____ high school. She gels very good marks, and she even won a prize for being the most serious student at her school, for being able to handle school and skating at the same time.

A has attended

В has been attending

6 Brian Boytano, a 1988 Olmypic Gold medalist, ____ lately that upon retirement he will move to a farm in Napa Valley, grow grapes, and ice skate only occasionally.

A has said

В has been saying

7 Brian ____ about opening a restaurant after he retires from skating, but he hasn’t mentioned those plans lately.

A has also talked

В has also been talking

8 Scott Hamilton is another famous ice skater. He ____ since he was 9 years old.

A has skated

В has been skating

9 Scott was treated for cancer in 1997. He successfully beat the cancer and he ____ cancer-free since that time.

A has remained

В has been remaining

10 Scott's focus ____ from skating in competitions to being the commentator at ice shows and sporting events, but he still performs in shows occasionally.

A has changed

В has been changing

Виконайте тест

Під час роботи над тестом не можна користуватися будь-якими підручниками, посібниками, словниками тощо.

TEST

Read and complete the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1—12) choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D).

HOBBIES

Traditional indoor hobbies or pastimes (1) _________ collecting things, e.g. shells, model cars, dolls, comic books, stamps, coins or postcards. Children (2) _________ collect sets of picture cards from packets of tea and small toys or models from packets of breakfast cereal. Many collect stickers of football or baseball players or pop stars. They buy packets of these and trade them with their friends, (3) _________ those they (4) _________ have for the ones they need to complete the set. Many people continue to collect things as they get older. Formerly picture cards were given away in packets of cigarettes and many of these old cards are now (5) _________. Now people collect things like beermats, concert programs, decorated plates, and antiques.

Many people like to do something (6) _________, such as painting or drawing, playing music, knitting or sewing, cooking, or (7) _________ crossword puzzles. In 1996, 84% of US households contained one or more people with a hobby or craft (= an activity in which something is made) and over $10 million was (8) on such activities.

Some people have hobbies which take them away from home. Bird watching is (9) _________ popular.

So too is flying model aircraft. Other people go to public record offices and churches to (10) _________ their family history. One very British hobby is train-spotting, which involves visiting railway stations and recording the names or numbers of trains. The (11) _________ of hobbies now popular is (12) _________ in the number of specialist magazines available in both Britain and the US.

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