Підручник Англійська мова 8 клас - Калініна Л.В. - Генеза 2016 рік

AUDIOSCRIPTS

We are Just…Teens!

Mike: Gosh, isn’t it Sam?

Sam: You are right.

Mike: I can hardly recognize you in trendy clothes and in the best of spirits.

Where are you going?

Sam: To school. There is a disco tonight.

Mike: You go to the disco? Can’t believe my ears! You were so shy in public and usually stayed away from discos and parties.

Sam: That’s true. I can’t believe this is really happening to me. But now I love to be more outgoing like Kitty and Ann.

Mike: How do you feel about dancing now?

Sam: You won’t believe but I find it so pleasant and enjoyable. Last time I was a real hit as a dancer.

Mike: Incredible, just incredible! Are you that free about big gathering? Sam: I sure am. I heard my parents say that I’ve become more sociable and I do feel comfortable among my friends now.

Mike: Terrific. I’m glad you’ve become so self confident.

Sam: Me too. I didn’t even realize I could be such a good mixer. My easy going nature made me so popular at school.

Mike: Speaking about your self-esteem, did you manage to overcome your timidity completely?

Sam: Sometimes boys at school are bullying and it hurts my dignity, but I’ve learnt how to answer back.

Mike: That beats everything! Congratulations, Sam. I’m proud of you.

Sam: Thank you, Mike, you are so kind.

Unit 1, 1.2. Listening

The Devoted Friend

Little Hans had a great many friends. But the most devoted friend of all was big Hugh the Miller. Indeed, so devoted was the rich Miller to Little Hans, that he would never go by his garden without leaning over the wall and taking something. He would never go by his garden without having a handful of sweet herbs or filling his pockets with plums and cherries, if it was the fruit season.

«Real friends should have everything in common», the Miller used to say. Little Hans nodded and smiled. He felt very proud of having a friend with such noble ideas.

Sometimes, indeed, the neighbours thought it strange that the rich Miller never gave Little Hans anything in return. All knew that the Miller had a hundred sacks of flour stored in his mill, and six milk cows, and a large flock of woolly sheep. But Hans never troubled his head about these things. Nothing gave him greater pleasure than to listen to all the wonderful things the Miller used to say about the unselfishness of true friendship.

So Little Hans worked hard in his garden. During the spring, the summer, and the autumn he was very happy. But when the winter came, and he had no fruit or flowers to bring to the market, he suffered a good deal from cold and hunger. Often he had to go to bed without any supper but a few dried pears or some hard nuts. In the winter, also, he was extremely lonely, as the Miller never came to see him then.

«There is no good in my going to see Little Hans as long as the snow lasts», the Miller used to say to his wife. «When friends are in trouble, they should be left alone and not be bothered by visitors. At least, that is my idea of friendship, and I am right. So I shall wait till spring comes, and then I shall pay him a visit. And he will be able to give me a large basket of primroses, and that will make him so happy.»

(Adapted from O’Wilde»The Devoted Friend»)

Unit 1, 1.3. Listening

Reporter: …And you are an adventurous person, Alec. You are only 15, but you’ve been to lots of different countries and made many friends. Alec: Not too many. I’ve been to 5 countries. But you can make a lot of pen-friends anywhere.

Reporter: And what was the first country you’d been to?

Alec: I started with England 2 years ago.

Reporter: Did you go there as a tourist?

Alec: Not exactly. Actually, I went there as a participant of the summer Language School. This is the place where I’ve first met Barbara from Poland, Erick from Germany and Nancy from Britain and Lee from China. We’ve become good pen-friends since then.

Reporter: Great! How do you keep in touch?

Alec: I can’t manage a trip abroad as often as I want so the Internet does the job and the Skype of course.

Reporter: Do all your pen-friends speak English?

Alec: Exactly. Nancy is a native speaker and all the rest learn English as a foreign language at school.

Reporter: You understand each other, don’t you?

Alec: Sure. Communication with my pen-friends helps me to develop my listening and speaking skills.

Reporter: You mean practice makes perfect, right?

Alec: Not only that. We have a chance to ask each other what we mean if it lacks understanding or say it in another way. Thus we correct mistakes and learn from each other.

Reporter: It’s amazing. I bet you’ve made progress in English.

Alec: So I have and I’m very thankful to my pen-friends.

Reporter: Did London impress you?

Alec: It certainly did. I still remember the stunning view from the London Eye, and…there were lots of pigeons at Trafalgar Square… amazing!

Reporter: Did you experience the same feeling in every country you visited? Alec: Sure. Every country has a lot to offer.

1. My name is Sarah. I love companies, because I love to be in the centre of attention. Some people think that I’m a show-off. But it’s not true. I just love being with people, all dressed up and having a good time. At parties I sing rap and I’m always in good mood. I’m a real party person.

2. I’m Vlad. I can’t stay away from discos and parties, because it’s my idea of a great evening out. I tend to be very specific about dancing music and I put on clothes I feel confident about. Since the last party, I have been learning how to dance waltz. And now I’m quite good at it. I feel I can be a real hit as a dancer

3. I’m Kate. I hate being on my own, that’s why I spend a tremendous amount of time with my friends. We hang out in the park or elsewhere and make the most of our time. I like to communicate with my friends just to discuss school news or even problems of ours. Our informal talks during outings often helped me. Being together is a great fun!

Unit 1, 1.5. Your Test Files. Listening

Emma’s Problem

Chloe: Emma, is that you? You’re crying. What’s wrong? What happened? Emma: Nothing. Just leave me alone! I’m fine.

Chloe: No, you’re not! Come on, tell me what’s up.

Emma: It’s just that David is making my life hell.

Chloe: David in our class?

Emma: Yeah. He’s such a bully. He’s constantly calling me names and saying horrid things about my family.

Chloe: He does that to almost everyone! He’s just trying to be funny. You just have to ignore him. He will soon get tired of it and move on to someone else.

Emma: But that’s the problem. He’s just unable to understand other people’s feelings. When he attacks a victim, the bully in him feels powerful and in control.

Chloe: Why don’t you tell the teacher?

Emma: I complained once or twice, but the teacher would say, ’Eventually he’ll grow out of it and leave you alone’. Thankfully, I come from a strong family that reinforces positives.

Chloe: I’m sure you’ll soon be able to find that inner strength in you so that you can laugh off some of David’s comments.

Emma: My Dad says that bullying is a form of verbal and physical harassment and that a common trait among bullies is lack of sympathy and tolerance.

Chloe: That’s true. I think a possible solution to overcoming intolerance is communication. What if you try talking with Davis openly about how much his words hurt you?

Emma: Perhaps I will. I hope he’ll come to understand that we all have one thing in common - we are all different.

Chloe: Exactly.

Unit 2, 2.1. Listening

Treacle Tart

The news travelled from group to group along the platform of Victoria Station. A lord was coming to our prep school. A real lord. A new boy, only eight years old. Youngest son of the Duke of Downshire. A new boy, yet a lord. Lord Julius Bloodstock.

None of us has had any contact with peerage so far. Mr. Lees, the Latin Master, confirmed the report. The lord was being driven to school that morning in the ducal Rolls-Royce. This was to be his first experience of school life. The Duke had kept him at the Castle under private tutors.

Should we be expected to call him «Your Grace»* or «Sir» or something? Would the masters dare punish him if he broke school rules or didn’t know his prep ^**?

We arrived at the Cedars just in time for school dinner. Thos (the Rev*** Thomas Pearce, our Headmaster) rather self-consciously led a small pale, fair-haired boy into the dining hall, and showed his seat at the end of the table, among the other newcomers. «This is Lord Julius Bloodstock, boys», he said. «You will just call him Bloodstock. No titles here».

«Then I prefer to be called Julius». His first memorable words.

«We happen to use only surnames here», chuckled Thos.

None of Julius’s tablemates called him anything at all. To begin with, they were either too miserable or shy even to say, «Pass the salt, please». But after the soup, and half-way through the shepherd’s pie****, Bellington Tertius, to win a bet, leant across the table and asked, «Lord, why didn’t you come by train, same as the rest of us?»

Julius didn’t answer at first, but when his neighbours nudged him, he said, «The name is Julius, and my father was afraid of finding newspaper photographers on the platform. They can be such a nuisance. Two of them were waiting for us at the school gates, and my father sent the chauffeur***** to smash both their cameras».

This information had hardly sunk in before the third course appeared: treacle tart. Today was Monday: onion soup, shepherd’s pie and carrots, treacle tart. Always had been. Even when Mr. Lees had been a boy here and won top scholarship to Winchester. Mr. Lees, who sat at the very end of the table eating treacle tart, looked up and noticed that Julius had pushed away his plate, leaving the tough burned pastry untouched.

«Eat it, boy!» said Mr. Lees. «Not allowed to leave anything here for Mr. Good Manners. School rule»

«I never eat treacle tart», explained Julius with a little sigh.

«You’re expected to address me as ’sir’», said Mr. Lees.

» Your Grace - a title for addressing or speaking of a duke, duchess, or archbishop

*» Prep - schoolwork that is done at home »»» Rev=Reverend - a Christian priest

**** shepherd’s pie - a baked dish made of cut-up cooked meat covered with cooked potato

***** chauffeur - a person employed to drive a car for someone else

Julius seemed surprised. «I thought we didn’t use titles here,» he said. «but only surnames?»

«Call me ’sir’», insisted Mr. Lees, not quite certain whether these words were innocence or impertinence.

«Sir», said Julius, shrugging faintly.

«Eat your tart», snapped Mr. Lees.

«But I never eat treacle tart - sir!»

«It’s my duty to see that you do so, every Monday».

Julius smiled. «What a queer duty!» he said.

Unit 2, 2.2. Listening

Impressions of an American Teenager about His Night School

Well, my first impressions were very unfavorable because I was stopped at the school entrance and asked to show my identification and sigh before entering the school building. I was annoyed and scared at the same time but I needed a high school diploma badly. As many teenagers, I had dropped out before I was 16, because I had to support my family. Having read about the first full-time night school in New York, I decided to apply. I hope that an academic diploma will help me in getting a better job. Now I’m in the middle of my school year and have made many new friends. I’m thankful to my teachers who help students to write resumes and find jobs, teach how to dress and behave during the interviews. Though it is a night education, it provides the basics for dropouts like me and offers the total high school experience.

Unit 2, 2.3. Listening

Good behavior is rewarded with reward points. Individuals earn them, which are then displayed in a sticker chart for the class to see. Besides, the students have the opportunity to earn more points for their «house» or group. Such a reward is called house points. Good pupils get positions in their class such as a monitor or prefect. It’s very honorable for pupils and we call it increased autonomy. One more increased responsibility is popular among senior students who like to choose activities they take pleasure in or have unmanaged free time.

Bad behavior is often punished with time out, when a child is removed from the classroom for a while. Removal of privileges also works well when a student is not allowed to do what he/she especially enjoys or what he/she could do before. Sometimes naughty pupils are kept at school when the school day has finished. It is called detention. It may be the whole day when the pupils are not allowed to join in normal school activities. This is suspension. And finally, the most serious punishment, when the pupil is permanently removed from the school is expulsion.

Unit 2, 2.4. Listening

All high schools in the US offer a wide variety of after-school activities including band, orchestra, folk dancing, cheerleading, journalism and, of course, sports. Students join those which they take interest in. Besides, they also participate in academic clubs such as physics, German, or chemistry

club. They serve to broaden knowledge and interest in that particular subject. Sports are probably the most popular of the after-school activities. Boys and girls are competing against other schools in the city or state throughout the year. In addition to these activities in Britain, pupils take part in religious clubs, art and craft clubs etc. Education also means having trips to a place of local interest or out of town.

Unit 2, 2.5. Your Test Files. Listening 6:45 «Wake up! It’s time to get up».

7:15 «Breakfast’s ready, honey! How about an omelette, a cheese sandwich and a glass of orange juice?»

7:45 «Oh, no! Now you barely have barely time to put on your school uniform. Don’t forget to take your packed lunch.»

8:00 «The № 1 bus is coming».

8:15 «Are you getting off at the next stop?»

8:30 «Good morning, boys and girls! Can I have your homework, please?» 15:00 «The bell has gone. Goodbye, guys!»

15:30 «I’ve made your favourite dish for dinner. Do you want a bite?» 16:00 «Moderato! Moderato! Or the waltz will sound more like a polka.» 17:30 «Isn’t it time you got down to doing your homework, dear?»

18:30 «What a mess! Didn’t I tell you to keep your room tidy or I’ll come and do it myself?»

19:30 «What are your plans for tonight? Meeting your friends as usual, relaxing in front of the TV or just reading?»

21:00 «Please turn the sound down. Our neighbours are sure to complain». 22:00 «Shhh! She is sleeping».

Unit 3, 3.1. Listening

A Country of Wide Musical Taste

American music is a blend of European classical traditions and the ethnic rhythms from its many immigrants.

America’s earliest settlers brought their religious music to their new home land. Rag-time was the first ’black’ music to gain popularity. But the most popular music style of them was the blues, which developed from African folk songs and Christian religious music. They are very lamenting songs with notes of resignation and humour.

In the 1920s jazz as a music style originated in the south, in its capital New Orleans, to be exact. One of the most central features of jazz music is improvisation. Only the basic structure of jazz music is written down, other parts of jazz are created spontaneously by all members of the band. The name of Louis Armstrong is number one in this style.

Another unique form of music is the American musical which combines songs, dance, comedy and drama. It came from the centre of the country. ’Oklahoma’ and ’Carousel’ are considered to be the first truly American musicals.

But the most famous style of American music known today across the world is rock-n-roll. Thanks to its first king Elvis Presley it had a great hit with the public.

Later in the 1950s and 1960s country music gained national popularity with many musicians. It served as dance music and music in the car.

Nowadays more modern styles like reggae, techno, metal, pop, rap appeared. Though it seems like there are so many styles of music in the USA every new generation looks back at the music from the past and with their own creativity creates yet another style.

Unit 3, 3.2. Listening

First of the Great Romantics

It’s true to say that Mozart was the first Romantic composer. Until then art was very much a trade or a skill. Composers wrote music to order for a patron or an employer. There were great composers before him, Haydn for instance, but in Mozart we get, for the first time, music that is life. He was writing out a deep, inner spiritual need, because he had to write it. The composer’s genius was such that he worked within the conventions, took the small change of his day and turned it into a mint of gold. He could express 50 different colours of emotions, and he seems able to do it so easily! Mozart wrote straight off the top of his head. He put what he felt into each piece of music. You look at his thoughts, no mistakes, no crossings out. This is in marked contrast to Beethoven, whose manuscripts are like a battlefield.

When in 1787 Mozart’s father died, the composer was in grief. In his father’s memory he composed the saddest music anybody has ever written in a major key. It’s elegant and sad. It seems bright and gay, but you can feel Mozart’s sorrow.

Aged 31, Mozart was at height of his powers. He was a court composer in Vienna and during the summer of 1788 Mozart wrote his great Triology of Symphonies, which changed the course of music. His 40 ^th symphony is in every mobile phone from Tokyo to New York. It’s a timeless work nothing can ruin it. But the 41 ^st symphony, the Jupiter, is his last will and testament to the world. It opens a whole new world of possibility.

Unit 3, 3.3. Listening

Playing the Bagpipes

In the book ’Three men in a Boat’ we can read a funny episode written in Jerome’s usual serious manner. In it, the author tells a story of a young man who was studying to play the bagpipes, to his family members’ great dissatisfaction with his new hobby.

At first, the young man used to get up early in the morning to practise, but he had to give this practice up because of his sister. She was very religious and she said that it seemed such an awful thing to begin the day like that: the sounds of the bagpipes insulted her religious feeling.

So he began to play at night instead when his family had gone to bed, but that didn’t work, because it got the house such a bad reputation. People, going home late would stop outside to listen, and then gossip all over the town, the next morning, that a terrible murder had been committed at Mr. Jefferson’s the night before: they would describe how they had heard the victim’s cries and pleading for mercy. Some even heard the last dying person’s shricks.

Finally, the family found the place for the young man at the bottom of the garden and made him take the instrument down there when he wanted to play it. But sometimes a visitor would come to the house who knew nothing of the matter, and the family would forget to tell him about the young man’s hobby and he would go out for a walk round the garden and hear the bagpipe’s taking a high note without being prepared for it and knowing nothing of what it was. If he was a man of strong mind, he would be only frightened. But if a person was of average intellect, he might go mad.

Unit 3, 3.4. Listening

Pop Today and Tomorrow

Today pop is for everyone. When Elvis made ’Heartbreak Hotel’, pop did not have the past and pop was for the young. Forty years later, the grandfathers of pop - the Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, Elton John - are now the first old people to make pop music. And old people as well as young listened to it.

Today pop is everywhere. It is in the streets, in the big shops, at the airport. You can get pop twenty-four hours a day on your radio, from your walkman, from the TV. Music television goes to more than 250 million homes in 60 countries, all watching pop videos of all kinds of music.

Today pop is big business. People spend 35 billion dollars on records every year. Two in every three records in the world come just from five companies. They help the bands whose records they can sell, but not always the bands whose music is good. They can decide who will be a star.

Today you can get pop from your computer, you can buy a CD of your favourite band and hear their sing on your computer. On pop CDs you can not only listen to music, you can change it: make it faster or slower, happier or sadder, use the sounds of different musical instruments.

Today you can get pop through your computer on the Internet. You can read the latest news about some bands, get the music through the Internet into your computer or cell phone.

And next time you go dancing, not just the music, but the pictures on the wall, moving in time with the music, could come from computers. The techno-artist works at the side of the music DJ.

These are some of the new things in pop. But many things stay the same like reading about pop or going to a concert. Or why don’t you pick up a guitar and make music?

(Adapted from ’Forty years of Pop’ by Steve Flinders) Unit 3, 3.5. Your Test Files. Listening

A Musical Evening

I’m a great admirer of musicals, because they are fantastic shows. Colourful scenery, beautiful costumes, enchanting music can’t leave anybody indifferent.

Last summer my family went on a visit to the USA and I was lucky to see a breathtaking musical ’The Lion King’. Our relatives knew about my preferences in music and bought the tickets well in advance. They said the production was sensational and that I would be delighted.

When the curtains went down and the orchestra began to play, I found myself in the magic realm. All the singers and dancers were dressed as animals and at the start of show ’the animals’ came in through the audience. Their costumes were incredible and they were moving slowly to the stage. Then the curtains went up and I got the first view of the stage. It looked just as the African jungle, with grass and bushes everywhere. And the music was amazing! It started with the beat of African drums - then changed to heavy metal music! There were some great tunes, too. It was impossible to sit still! I felt like jumping up and down, making friends with ’animals’. I was a participant of the show and enjoyed every minute of it.

When the performance was over I cheered and clapped my hands. I didn’t want to leave the concert hall so quickly! I was overwhelmed with joy when my parents brought me a CD with all the hits from the show! So if you like musicals, you ought to see this show. You won’t regret it!

Unit 4, 4.1. Listening

A Newspaper Joke

This happened more than fifty years ago, in a little American town called Springfield. The newspaper «The Springfield Voice» had a very difficult life. The newspaper hadn’t enough money and couldn’t pay its workers. But it had one difficulty that was even worse. When some interesting news appeared in «The Springfield Voice», the rest of the newspapers in the town at once published the same news as their own. At last «The Springfield Voice» decided to teach its enemies a lesson.

In the morning, April 1, «The Springfield Voice» published the news that a coffee king whose name was Lirpa Loof had come from abroad and was going to visit Springfield. Of course, this was tremendous news in such a little town. That same afternoon all the other newspapers in the town wrote about Mr. Lirpa Loof. One newspaper published an interview with the rich businessman, another newspaper gave an interesting story of his life.

The next day, April 2, «The Springfield Voice» wrote, «Of course, we are proud that the other newspapers believed our story about the rich foreign businessman Lirpa Loof. But they must not forget what the date was yesterday. Read the first, then the second word - Lirpa Loof - from the end to the beginning, and you will see why they must not forget that date».

Unit 4, 4.2. Listening

1) The programme very often shows the repeats of important events with famous sportsmen. It always presents new names, explaining the peculiarities of some unknown games and gives some information about the future competitions and matches.

2) The characters of the programme come into teenagers’ living rooms like friends. Psychologists say that teenagers have a strong emotional involvement with the characters. They help them to answer many questions and to test their own feelings.

3) In this programme, contestants try to do their best to win a special team of costume designers, famous singers musicians help them to realize their dreams.

4) This programme is of a competitive character, because it reveals the best from the best. Its participants should answer a lot of questions in different subjects within a very limited time.

5) It’s a lovely film with lots of music and colours. Its graphic effects are fantastic.

Unit 4, 4.3. Listening

Definitions

broadband - a combination of the latest cable and radio technology which allows huge amounts of electronic data transform from computer to computer at incredibly high speeds.

Wireless - computing without phone lines.

3G - third generation mobile technology that is able to transmit data quickly to your phone.

website - a place on the Internet that gives you information about a particular suspect or product.

the Internet - an international network of computers. access - to find information, especially on a computer.

World Wide Web - the system that stores information for computer users around the world.

webcast - a live television programme on the Internet, broadcast by a webcam.

webcam - a video camera that can transmit images live over the Internet.

cyberspace - the imaginary «space» through which Internet messages travel.

Unit 4, 4.4. Listening

A Joke about the Radio

Teenager: I sent you some suggestions letting you know how to make your radio broadcast more interesting. Have you carried out any of my ideas?» Editor: «Did you meet the office boy with the wastepaper basket as you came up stairs?»

Teenager: «Yes, yes, I did».

Editor: «Well, he was carrying out your ideas».

Unit 4, 4.5. Listening

Online Dating

Patricia Costello, 33, e-mailed 120 men in her first four months of Internet dating. She talked to 20 of them on the telephone at least once and met 11 in person. Of these, she dated four several times and then realized she had not found the one.

One of the first lessons that subscribers to Internet dating sites learn is that life partners are difficult to find. But Ms. Costello isn’t ready to give

up. She is convinced that she has a better chance to find her life partner in cyberspace than in the real world.

Online dating is rapidly becoming a normal part of single life for adults of all ages in the United States. More than 45 million Americans visited online dating sites last month, according to comScore Media Metrix, a Web tracking service. Although the Internet has a reputation as a meeting place for people interested in casual relationships, a majority of subscribers now say that they are looking for a serious bond.

There are still many stories about liars. Many online daters are married and don’t admit it. In fact, people are almost expected to lie a little or exaggerate their good qualities. Nonetheless, singles say that the Internet is still better than singles bars, dates set up by friends, or church groups for meeting other singles.

«My brother told me to take a dance class…» said David Collins, 28, who met his fianche, Sharon West, 27, on Match.com. «I tried it and met some nice people, but no one that I wanted to go out with.’

«The traditional ways for getting people together are not working as well as they did before…» said Linda Frankel, a sociology professor at the University of Southern Idaho. «There’s a need for something new, and the Internet is filling that need…»

«Twenty or thirty years ago, most American couples met in high school or college…» Professor Frankel explained. «But people now marry at an older age, and there have not been any social institutions to replace the traditional ones- local communities, families, and schools. The Internet may be the answer…»

Daniel Weston, author of the article «Find the Mate You Want Now,» agrees. «The Internet not only allows you to meet people, but it allows you to choose from thousands of them. If you work hard enough, you can find the exact kind of person you are looking for…»

Of course, Internet dating isn’t perfect. Online daters often complain that it is difficult to judge physical chemistry through computer communication. «Certain things look really good on paper,» said Regina Coughlin, a computer consultant in Manhattan. «Then, in real life, it’s a completely different story…»

After a few disappointing meetings, many online daters just quit. Those who find partners say they often think that they might find someone better - if they just looked through a few hundred more profiles.

Unit 5, 5.1. Your Test Files. Listening

It May Change the History

My name is Paul, and as many boys of my age I love history and I never miss a chance of reading a book on history. I’ve read many informative books and articles, but most of all I adore reading historical novels. There are different reasons for it.

Firstly, it is interesting to know how the characters see the historical events and what they feel.

Secondly, the author of the book often expresses his personal opinion on the event which sometimes influences the readers.

And thirdly, a book can help to change history. I never believed in that until I’ve read Harriet Beecher Stowe’s book ’Uncle Tom’s Cabin’. This book certainly did it, because it was the first to describe the hard life of black people in the South of the country and thus to speak out against slavery.

When I started to read Stowe’s novel, I was taken aback by people’s cruelty to 3.5 million slaves in the South. At a gulp, I read the story of Tom, a courageous old slave and Eliza, who made a dangerous escape to freedom. Why couldn’t people understand that slavery was evil?!

After ’Uncle Tom’s Cabin’ I read other books which described the Civil War between the South and the North of the USA. Of course, the war had many different causes. Yet «Uncle Tom’s Cabin» played a part. At that time President Lincoln appreciated H.B. Stowe’s book saying, ’So you are the little woman who started the big war’.

It’s really a great book of a great American writer. If you are interested in history, you are sure to like it.

Unit 5, 5.2. Listening

Friends

We are surrounded with friends.

They cannot walk,

They cannot see you.

But they are very good

To you and me.

With them we are taken

To sail on ships.

And ride on trains,

And even fly in planes.

By these friends we are shown

Seas and lands.

Can you guess who are

These good friends?

Unit 5, 5.3. Listening

Two great readers are talking at the entrance of the library.

- Who is your favourite British writer?

- Walter Scott.

- Great Scott! Some readers find great Scott the best writer, but I still prefer Charles Dickens.

- Oh.

Unit 5, 5.4. Listening

A Good Reader

By the time she was three, Matilda had taught herself to read by studying newspapers and magazines that lay around the house. The only book in the house was something called «Easy Cooking» which belonged to her mother

and when she had read that from cover to cover and had learned all the recipes by heart she decided she wanted something more interesting.

«Daddy,» she said, «do you think you could buy me a book?»

«A book?» he said. «What’s wrong with the telly? We’ve got a lovely telly and now you come asking for a book! You are getting spoiled, my girl!»

So on the afternoon of the day when her father had refused to buy her a book, Matilda decided to walk to the public library in the village all by herself. When she arrived, she introduced herself to the librarian Mrs. Phelps. She asked if she could sit for a while and read a book. Mrs. Phelps was taken aback when she saw that such a tiny girl had arrived at the library without a parent, but she told her she was very welcome.

From then on, every afternoon Matilda came to the library. The walk took her only ten minutes and this allowed her two wonderful hours in the library where she sat quietly by herself in a cosy corner, devouring one book after another. When she had read all the children’s books in the place, she started searching for something else.

Mrs. Phelps, who had been watching her with fascination for the past few weeks, now got up from her desk and went over to her. «Can I help you, Matilda?» she asked.

«I’m wondering what to read next,» Matilda said. «I’ve finished all the children’s books. I liked The Secret Garden best of all. It was full of mystery. The mystery of the room behind the closed door and the mystery of the garden behind the big wall.» Mrs. Phelps was taken aback but she didn’t show it.

«What sort of book would you like to read next?» she asked.

Matilda said, «I would like a really good one that grown-ups read. A famous one. I don’t know any names.»

Mrs. Phelps looked along the shelves. How, she asked herself, does one choose a famous grown-up book for a four-year-old girl? Her first thought was to pick up a young teenager’s romance of the kind that is written for fifteen-year-old schoolgirls, but for some reason she walked past that shelf.

«Try this,» she said at last. «It’s very famous and very good.»

«Great Expectations,» Matilda read, «by Charles Dickens. I’d love to try it.»

(Adapted from «Matilda» after Roald Dahl)

Unit 5, 5.5. Your Test Files. Listening

Many Ukrainians can’t help admiring this wonderful woman with a strong social position. Her beautiful verses are known to many of us. But few people know about her life full of hardships and struggle.

Lina Kostenko was born in 1930 in a small picturesque town of Rzhysh- chiv, Kyiv region. Both her parents were teachers and taught their daughter to be honest, courageous and just.

Lina’s happy childhood was over, when her father was arrested and then spent several years in the notorious camp ’’Gulag». This event influenced the girl’s life and upbrought her spirit.

While a schoolgirl, Lina had a longing for writing that’s why she attended a literary studio at the Union of Ukrainian writers in Kyiv where she wrote her first little poems. But the real poetic career of the poetess started in the sixties in the post-Stalin period. At that time the poetess published her three books of poetry. In 1979 Lina Kostenko published her first historical novel in verses «Marusia Churai» and was awarded the highest prize in literature - the Shevchenko state prize. It was not the only award of the great writer and poetess. In March 2000 for the great contribution to the Ukrainian literature the president of Ukraine awarded Lina Kostenko the order of Yarslav the Wise and 12 years later she got an honorable title ’Golden writer of Ukraine’ and in 2015 one of the planets of Solar system was named Lina Kostenko.

Not only Ukrainian readers appreciate Lina Kostenko’s literary works. They are translated into many languages, like English, Italian, German, French and others. The poetess herself is a translator of her poems into Polish and Czech.

Unit 6, 6.1. Listening

The Scottish Thistle

The thistle is the national emblem of Scotland. This is how, according to the curious legend, that plant came to be chosen.

In very ancient times the Norsemen once landed somewhere on the east coast of Scotland. They had wicked plans - to settle in the country. The Scots assembled with their arms and moved to the River Tay, the largest in Scotland. As they arrived late in the day, tired after a long march, they put up their camp and rested. They didn’t expect the enemy before the next day.

The Norsemen, however, were near. Noticing that no guards protected the camp, they crossed the Tay. They were going to take the Scots by surprise. To make the least noise possible, they took off their shoes. But one of the Norsemen stepped on a thistle. The sudden and sharp pain made him shriek. The alarm was given in the Scots’ camp and there was a fight.

The Scots appreciated the unexpected help from the thistle and took it as their national emblem.

Unit 6, 6.2. Listening

Climate or Weather?

The climate is for the English the stock subject for conversation, a traditional joke and a source of delusions. Its only constant feature is its changeableness. «We haven’t a climate, we have only samples of weather», runs an English saying. You leave home hatless and coatless in fine autumn sunshine, and arrive in the office in pouring rain. You light a fire on a chill October morning and by midday you are trying to damp it down.

As it is always interfering with one’s plans, it is indeed a subject of the widest possible topicality. Two people who do not know each other can talk about the weather for hours. It seems that English are of a friendly nature and live in a weather brotherhood without any necessity of knowing each other. It is often said that the English manner is very cool, like their weather, but it is not so when they talk about it. The English climate is moody but not impossible. You can never give a definite idea of what is going to come, but you are sure about it in your mind - it will be a case of bringing umbrellas with you always!

The art of meteorological forecasting has in most countries gained deserved prestige. But in England, it is little more than a music-hall joke. Some time ago, the Meteorological Office reminded the English that its forecasts had been fifty percent correct. The public, with a friendly smile, pointed out that the same degree of accuracy could be obtained by spinning a coin.

From October to March, there are many dense mists called fogs or «pea- soupers». In cities where they mix with smoke, they become «smog» and sometimes interrupt traffic.

After the Autumn rain, and the penetrating chill of Winter, the English Spring has all the more charm. The rain is always there to join in with «the sweet showers of April».

Nevertheless, the filtered sunlight smiles on the sap-filled woods and pastures. Great Britain, once more the green land of legend, clothes herself in a thick mantle of green grass pierced by the first crocuses. An April madness takes hold of London when the flower girls in the street start to sell the first pale meadow daffodils.

The real reason why an Englishman can never be a townsman at heart is that his weather obtrudes itself so regularly in his daily life that his mind can never be far from the things that the weather speaks of - the seed time and harvest…

The United Kingdom has a mild and temperate climate warmed by the North Atlantic Drift (a continuation of the Gulf Stream) and by southwestern winds.

An annual average of rainfall is over 1600 mm. in the mountainous areas and 700 over central parts. March to June are the driest months and September to January the wettest.

During May, June and July the daily duration of sunshine varies from 5 hours in Northern Scotland to 8 hours on the Isle of Wight. During the months of shortest daylight (November, December and January the duration varies from an hour and a half in northern Scotland to two hours on the southern coast).

Scanty sunshine combined with the prevalence of fogs and drizzle give rise to the proverbial dreary English weather.

Unit 6, 6.3. Listening

What May Worry a British Teenager

Young people today are more aware of the environment than ever before. This is the first really «green» generation. Mark Farrell asked Claudia, 15, from London, about her opinion on this problem.

Claudia: There are lots of environmental problems - the greenhouse effect, acid rain, the holes in the ozone layer, and so on. There’s also air pollution causing asthma. And there’s nuclear waste and other kinds of toxic waste.

But my problem is that I don’t feel I can do anything about it myself. It’s all so big and out of control.

How can you have clear opinions about all these scientific things?

You would have to be an expert on nuclear energy, on the weather, on chemistry, on everything. And another thing. only the politicians are in a position to do anything about it, and they don’t seem to care that much. It’s not worth voting for the Green Party, because they’re so small. And the other parties don’t want to do anything serious because it would be unpopular. I suppose in the end things will get so bad that they’ll just have to do something.

Unit 6, 6.4. Listening

A Useful Echo

An American and a Scot were walking near the foot of one of the Scottish mountains. The Scot, wishing to impress the visitor, produced a famous echo to be heard in that place. When the echo returned clearly after nearly four minutes, the Scot, turning to the American, said, «There, my man, you can’t show anything like that in your country, eh?»

«Oh, I don’t know,» said the American. «I think I can do better than that. In my camp in the Rockies, when I go to bed, I just look out of the window and call out, «Time to get up; wake up!» and eight hours afterwards the echo comes back and wakes me.»

Unit 6, 6.5. Your Test Files. Listening

You won’t believe, but I have been to the Punch and Judy show today! It’s a seaside favourite. Mr. Punch is perhaps the most famous puppet character of all time. He has given his name to the popular, comic magazine «Punch». Legend has it that a travelling showman from Italy brought Punch to Britain in the 17 ^th century. In those days the show was performed in London’s Covent Garden. Now it’s played everywhere: on the beach, in the street, on stage. Punch and his wife, Judy, are the funniest glove puppets I have ever seen.

Another traditional English entertainment that came from the old Italian comedies is a pantomime. It is for children, but parents enjoy it as much at Christmas. Harlequin is its famous character who wears special bright clothes and plays tricks. I have to see a pantomime with my own eyes!

Unit 7,7.1. Listening

The term Ukraine first appeared in the chronicles of ancient Slavs in the 12 ^th century as a geographical name for the southern lands of the ancient Kyivan Rus.

On August 24, 1991 Ukraine was proclaimed an independent state. It is a free sovereign state, with its own territory, higher and local bodies of state power and government, national emblem, state flag and anthem.

The Dnipro ranks as Europe’s third longest waterway. It divides the country into right-bank and left-bank Ukraine, and flows South to the Black Sea!

Ukraine is famous for its forests with plantations of pine, oak and beech. Most forests are in the Carpathians and Polissia.

Steppes stretch to the South from forest-steppe up, to the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. There is more sunshine in steppes and it is much warmer here than in mixed forests.

The Black Sea is deep and has a wide range of animal life. However, there is no life lower than 1.500 m deep. The deepest point of the Black Sea is 2.210.

Unit 7,7.2. Listening

When the weather is wet,

We must not fret.

When the weather is cold,

We must not scold.

When it’s too warm,

We must not storm.

When it’s too dry,

We must not cry.

But be thankful together

Whatever the weather.

Unit 7,7.3. Listening

Signs of National Identity

The mentality of every nation is formed and influenced by many factors: the geographical location, specific climate conditions and historical destiny, of course. Due to this, there is a certain stereotype of any nationality which is well-known both in their native land and in other countries. Ukrainians are no exception.

They say, to understand Ukrainians, one must know where they come from. To prove this, I’d like to say that the citizens of the Carpathian region who often suffer from flooding learn how to overcome difficulties. Friends and neighbours come to help without any reward. They share food, together rebuild each other’s houses. The great flooding of 2010 demonstrated the extraordinary willingness to help each other. Goodness, just goodness, characterises the people of the Carpathians.

Secondly, nature has been kind to Ukraine. We have a good climate favourable for agriculture and that’s why Ukrainians have much to do all the year round. But spring and autumn are known for bursts of energy. Seeing the bright sunshine of the coming spring and the wet bare soil of the lawn, many city dwellers begin to prepare for the new dacha season.

Autumn brings with it the harvest time and a lot of work. Being hardworking, Ukrainians spend the biggest part of their free time on their fields, in the gardens and orchards. Tending the dacha becomes not only a favourite hobby, but it’s a way of life and almost an occupation.

The subtropical climate of the South of Ukraine, its picturesque scenery and the Black Sea attract a lot of tourists. No wonder that many people work in the seasonal tourist trade in the numerous sanatoria on the South Coast, I believe. It shapes the tradition of hospitality: if you don’t take in the stranger and don’t take care of him/her, there’s no one else who would. As you see, climate has made Ukrainians generous, hospitable and friendly.

These characteristics are certainly not reliable descriptions of individual people. Nevertheless, they indicate some common features in the value attached to certain kinds of behaviour in the country, for example, traditional clothes like while blouses and shirts with embroidery; footwear - red high boots for women and black high boots for men; musical instruments - ban

dura, trembita which are regarded as distinctively Ukrainian and the plant- symbol ’Kalyna’, which is associated with the trinity of the Sun, Moon and Stars and symbolises immortality.

Unit 7,7.4. Listening

Let’s Take a Trip

Let’s take a trip, just you and me,

Through the Carpathian Mountains and

The Black Sea.

I’ll give you a ride across Ukraine,

You’ll feel what it’s like if you go by train.

You’ll have a taste of Ukrainian dish

And stay with us as long as you wish.

You won’t believe, but you’ll see with your eyes:

Christmas in this country comes but twice.

Unit 7,7.5. Your Test Files. Listening

Ukrainian Railway News

When you are getting ready for a trip, you have several options as to the kind of transport to choose. We suggest you take an express train. The first high-speed train was launched in 2002. It is called the Stolychnyi Express and it connects Kyiv and Kharkiv. The second express service from Kyiv to Dnipropetrovsk started in 2003. Both routes take about five hours. The service runs twice a day.

Each train consists of eight carriages: one first-class carriage with compartments, five second-class carriages, one buffet carriage, one carriage for disabled people and one ’car’ carrier in which passengers can transport their cars. The fare varies, depending on the class. You can book a ticket for an express train at any Ukrainian train station up to 45 days in advance.

New express train routes are put into operation every other year. This becomes possible after the rail tracks on the routes are modernized and all the stations and platforms are renovated. This ensures the security and safety of your journey.

Express trains are very comfortable and give you five hours of quality time. The carriages are equipped with TVs and have a snack-bar service. Travelling by express train saves time and makes your trip easy and enjoyable.