Підготовка до ЗНО - АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА - Навчальний посібник
SECTION I. GRAMMAR
Unit 7. THERE IS/ARE. HAVE/HAVE GOT
Зворот there is / there are Дієслово to be y сполученні зі словом there утворює зворот there is / there are. Зворот має значення «є», «знаходиться». |
|
Теперішній час |
|
Present Indefinite (Simple) |
|
Однина |
Множина |
Singular |
Plural |
There is a bus in the street. |
There are buses in the street. |
There is no bus in the street. |
There are no buses in the street. |
Is there a bus? There is no bus in the street (повна відповідь). No there isn’t (коротка відповідь) |
Are there buses? There are no buses in the street (повна відповідь). Not here aren’t (коротка відповідь) |
Минулий час |
|
Past Simple |
|
There was a bus in the street. |
There were buses in the street. |
There was no bus in the street. |
There were no buses in the street. |
Was there a bus? There was no bus in the street (повна відповідь). No there wasn’t (короткавідповідь) |
Were there buses? There were no buses in the street (повна відповідь). Not here weren't (короткавідповідь) |
Значений та функції дієслова to be (бути) |
||||
№ |
Функцій |
Значення |
Приклад |
Переклад |
1. |
Смислове дієслово |
бути, знаходитись |
She is in New-York. She was in London last summer |
Вона у Нью Йорку. Вона була у Лондоні минулого літа |
2. |
Допоміжне дієслово |
самостійного значення не має |
I’m writing a post card. I was invited to cafe |
Я пишу листівку. Мене запросили до кафе |
3. |
Дієслово-зв’язка |
самостійного значення не має |
I’m busy. I was busy |
Я зайнятий. Я був зайнятий |
4. |
Модальне дієслово |
те що має відбутись, необхідність як наслідок домовленості |
They are to come early. They were to come early |
Вони повинні прийти рано. Вони повинні були прийти рано |
Дієслово to have (мати) Simple |
|||||
Дієслово to have може вживатись як смислове дієслово (notional verb) у значенні «мати», «володіти», як допоміжне (auxiliary verb) для утворення часів групи Perfect і Participle II та як модальне дієслово-замінник дієслова must (modal verb) |
|||||
Якщо дієслово to have вживається у значенні мати що-небудь, то має такі форми: |
|||||
Теперішній час Present |
|||||
Стверджувальна |
Питальна Interrogative |
Заперечувальна |
|||
Affirmative |
Negative |
||||
повна форма |
скорочена форма |
повна форма |
скорочена форма |
||
I have |
I’ve |
Have I? |
I have not |
I haven't |
|
Не has |
He's |
Has he? |
He has not |
He hasn’t |
|
She has |
She's |
Has she? |
She has not |
She hasn't |
|
It has |
It’s |
Has it? |
It has not |
It hasn’t |
|
We have |
We've |
Have we? |
We have not |
We haven't |
|
You have |
You've |
Have you? |
You have not |
You haven't |
|
They have |
They’ve |
Have they? |
They have not |
They haven't |
|
Минулий |
час |
||||
Past |
|||||
Стверджувальна |
Питальна |
Заперечувальна |
|||
Affirmative |
Interrogative |
Negative |
|||
повна форма |
скорочена форма |
||||
I had |
I had? |
I had not |
I hadn’t |
||
He had |
Had he? |
He had not |
He hadn’t |
||
She had |
Had she? |
She had not |
She hadn't |
||
It had |
Had it? |
It had not |
It hadn't |
||
We had |
Had we? |
We had not |
We hadn’t |
||
You had |
Had you? |
You had not |
You hadn't |
||
They had |
Had they? |
They had not |
They hadn't |
||
Якщо дієслово to have вживається у значенні постійного володіння, наявності постійного стану або явища, то для утворення питальних і заперечних речень використовують допоміжне дієслово to do: |
|||||
Теперішній час Present |
|||||
Стверджувальна |
Питальна Interrogative |
Заперечувальна |
|||
Affirmative |
Negative |
||||
повна форма |
скорочена форма |
повна форма |
скорочена форма |
||
I have |
I've |
Do I have |
I do not have |
I don’t have |
|
Не has |
He’s |
Does he have? |
He does not have |
He doesn’t have |
|
She has |
She's |
Does she have? |
She does not have |
She doesn’t have |
|
It has |
It’s |
Does it have? |
It does not have |
It doesn’t have |
|
We have |
We’ve |
Do we have? |
We do not have |
We don’t have |
|
You have |
You've |
Do you have? |
You do not have |
You don’t have |
|
They have |
They’ve |
Do they have? |
They do not have |
They don’t have |
|
Минулий час Past |
|||||
Стверджувальна |
Питальна |
Заперечувальна |
|||
Affirmatіve |
Interrogative |
Negative |
|||
повна форма |
скорочена форма |
||||
I had |
Did I have |
I did not have |
I didn’t have |
||
He had |
Did he have? |
He did not have |
He didn’t have |
||
She had |
Did she have? |
She did not have |
She didn’t have |
||
It had |
Did it have? |
It did not have |
It didn’t have |
||
We had |
Did we have? |
We did not have |
We didn't have |
||
You had |
Did you have? |
You did not have |
You didn't have |
||
They had |
Did they have? |
They did not have |
They didn’t have |
||
Зворот have got / has got (мати, володіти) |
||||
Теперішній час Present Simple |
||||
Стверджувальна Affirmative |
Питальна Interrogative |
Заперечувальна Negative |
||
повна форма |
скорочена форма |
повна форма |
скорочена форма |
|
I have got He has got She has got It has got We have got You have got They have got |
I’ve got He’s got She’s got It’s got We've got You've got They’ve got |
Have I got? Has he got? Has she got? Has it got? Have we got? Have you got? Have they got? |
I have not got He has not got She has not got It has not got We have not got You have not got They have not got |
I haven't He hasn't She hasn’t It hasn’t We haven’t You haven’t They haven’t |
Значення та функції дієслова to have |
||||
№ |
Функція |
Значення |
Приклад |
Переклад |
1. |
Смислове дієслово |
мати, володіти |
I have a book |
У мене є книга |
Частина вислову |
самостійного значення не має |
They had a good rest in summer |
Влітку вони добре відпочили |
|
2. |
Допоміжне дієслово |
самостійного значення не має |
I have done the test |
Я зробив тест |
3. |
Модельне дієслово |
необхідність через які-небудь обставини |
I had to ask for help |
Я був вимушений звернутись за допомогою |
- Write There is or There tire to complete the sentences. Mind singular or plural of the nouns.
1 ___________ a bag on the table.
2 ___________ a calendar on the wall.
3 ___________ two posters in my room.
4 ___________ a banana in this basket
5 ___________ six chairs in the kitchen.
6 ___________ lots of books in the shelf.
7 ___________ a mirror in our hall.
8 ___________ 12 cushions on the sofa
9 ___________ a big wardrobe in my sister’s bedroom.
10 __________ children in the yard.
- Circle the correct variant.
1 I ___________ cold. (= I feel cold)
A have
В am
2 I ___________ a cold. (= I am sick)
A am
В have
3 ___________ a little hungry.
A I’m
В I’ve
4 He ___________ a lot of money.
A has
В is
5 These students ___________ very smart.
A have
В are
6 Thomas ___________ two children.
A has
В is
7 I ___________ sleepy.
A have
В am
8 Mary ___________ 24 years old.
A has
В is
9 The athletes ___________ tired.
A don’t have
В are not
10 He ___________ your purse.
A has
В is
- Complete the following sentences by using the correct Гони of have (have, has, had).
1 Jack ___________ fun at the party last Saturday.
2 I’m sorry, but I ___________ to go now.
3 ___________ you ever been to Canada?
4 Dave ___________ passed his driving test.
5 Can we ___________ the bill, please?
6 The match ___________ already started when we arrived.
7 They ___________ breakfast at 6:30 this morning.
8 Do you ___________ a brother?
9 My boss never ___________ time.
10 David ___________ been waiting for Pam for 20 minutes now.
TEST
Choose А, В, C or D to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.
- Frank with his friends ___________ a surprise for the girls.
A is preparing
В prepares
C are preparing
D prepare
- He ___________ a bath in the evening.
A have
В having
C has
D has got
- ___________ to the cinema today.
A Let’s not to go
В Don’t let us to go
C Not let’s go
D Don’t let us go
- Neither Dolly nor Ella ___________ called me yet.
A has
В have
C hasn’t
D haven’t
- 50 dollars ___________ a lot of money for a poor student.
A it is
B are
C is
D there are
- A number of books ___________ damaged by the fire yesterday.
A is
В was
C has
D were
- Ice and vapour ___________ different states of water.
A is
B it is
C are
D they are
- ___________ a boy and a girl in the room.
A There is
В There are
C It is
D They are
- ___________ many guests at the birthday party?
A There will be
B Will be there
C Be there will
D Will there be
- A representative of the Trade Unions ___________ begun his speech.
A is
В has
C were
D have
- Let Mom ___________ a little longer today.
A sleep
В sleeping
C to sleep
D will sleep
- 15 minutes ___________ not enough to relax after such a hard lesson.
A are
В is
C it is
D they are