ПОВНИЙ НОВІТНІЙ ДОВІДНИК ШКОЛЯРА

АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА

ГРАМАТИКА

Доконані часи (Perfect Tenses)

Утворення і вживання минулого доконаного часу (The Past Perfect Tense)

Питальна	Заперечна
I had worked.	Had I worked?	I had not (hadn't) worked.
You had worked.	Had you worked?	You had not (hadn't) worked.
He had worked.	Had he worked?	He had not (hadn't) worked.
She had worked.	Had she worked?	She had not (hadn't) worked.
It had worked.	Had it worked?	It had not (hadn't) worked.
We had worked.	Had we worked?	We had not (hadn't) worked.
You had worked.	Had you worked?	You had not (hadn't) worked.
They had worked.	Had they worked?	They had not (hadn't) worked.

1. The Past Perfect утворюється з допоміжного had і the Past Participle основного дієслова:

I had read the article by 5 o’clock. — Я (вже) прочитав статтю до п’ятої години.

I had written the letter when he came in. — Я (вже) написав листа, коли він увійшов.

2. The Past Perfect вживається для вираження минулої дії, яка вже відбулася до певного моменту або іншої дії в минулому. Цей момент може позначатися такими словосполученнями: by five o’clock до п’ятої години, by Sunday до неділі, by that time до того часу, by the first of October до першого жовтня тощо.

I had done it by that time. — Я зробив це до того часу.

When he came I had already done the exercise. — Коли він прийшов, я вже зробив вправу.

3. У розмовній мові вживаються скорочені форми:

I’d worked. He hadn’t worked.