ПОВНИЙ НОВІТНІЙ ДОВІДНИК ШКОЛЯРА
АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА
ГРАМАТИКА
Доконані часи (Perfect Tenses)
Утворення і вживання минулого доконаного часу (The Past Perfect Tense)
Питальна |
Заперечна |
|
I had worked. |
Had I worked? |
I had not (hadn't) worked. |
You had worked. |
Had you worked? |
You had not (hadn't) worked. |
He had worked. |
Had he worked? |
He had not (hadn't) worked. |
She had worked. |
Had she worked? |
She had not (hadn't) worked. |
It had worked. |
Had it worked? |
It had not (hadn't) worked. |
We had worked. |
Had we worked? |
We had not (hadn't) worked. |
You had worked. |
Had you worked? |
You had not (hadn't) worked. |
They had worked. |
Had they worked? |
They had not (hadn't) worked. |
1. The Past Perfect утворюється з допоміжного had і the Past Participle основного дієслова:
I had read the article by 5 o’clock. — Я (вже) прочитав статтю до п’ятої години.
I had written the letter when he came in. — Я (вже) написав листа, коли він увійшов.
2. The Past Perfect вживається для вираження минулої дії, яка вже відбулася до певного моменту або іншої дії в минулому. Цей момент може позначатися такими словосполученнями: by five o’clock до п’ятої години, by Sunday до неділі, by that time до того часу, by the first of October до першого жовтня тощо.
I had done it by that time. — Я зробив це до того часу.
When he came I had already done the exercise. — Коли він прийшов, я вже зробив вправу.
3. У розмовній мові вживаються скорочені форми:
I’d worked. He hadn’t worked.